Nothing supports any of these, but there are several suggested approaches:
bicycle:times=Mo-Fr 17:30-09:00; Sa-Su 24h
pro: format is the same as Key:opening_hours
con: doesn’t work if it should be bicycle=destination at those times. Although it could be added to the end of the time intervals.
a access relation
one member, the pedestrian highway (or several, if it’s split for other reasons)
relation tags:
type=access
vehicles=bicycle
bicycle=yes
times=Mo-Fr 17:30-09:00; Sa-Su 24h
including the time in the key part
bicycle:[Mo-Fr 17:30-09:00; Sa-Su 24h]=yes
cons: unusable with current tools that mostly rely on having one key for one property.
Any of these should be comprehensible to someone later manually converting the values to a scheme implemented somewhere at that time.