how to project the coordinates to the polygon

I’m a newbie to this forum,and I’m desperately to know how to generate a table which contain the data including building,road,and area.as we know they are all stored in different file.the only method to map the related information is using the coordinates.Is there anyone has any experience in mapping the data I mention?Please kindly advise.I will be much appreciated.

I’m not sure what you mean, but did you read wiki page on the database and the links to the database schema for OSM ? Does that explain things ?